Gaseous ozonids and their production.



v W. J. KNOX. .GASEUUS OZONIDS AND THEIR PRODUCTION.

APPLIUAT ION FILED DEU.2.1U1L

Patented Dec. 16, 1913.

1mm 1 5th i SHEETS SHEEP 1.

/ 4 lj/Mzm WITNESSES:

GASEOUS 020M115 AND THEIR PRODUCTION. mrmomxuzimmn m0. 2, 1911.

5 SHEBTS-SHEET Z.

WETNESSES:

W. J. KNOX. GASBOUS OZONIDS AND THEIR PRODUCTION. APPLICATION FILED 11110. 2, 1911.

1 1 Patented Dec. 16, 1913 5 SHEETS-SHEET 3.

T /f f g /1W 30? j I WWNESSES: 9 2% g vamon I ATTORNEW W J. TJINQX.

zamns AND THEIR PRODUCTION. PFLICAIION FILED DEC.2,1911.

GASEOUS O Patented Dec. 16, 1913.

5 SHEBTS -SHBET 4.

W momma BEST Ff ULL-r12 COPY I UNi'rED s rens rarENT Quinton.

WILLI EAM JOHN KNOX, NEW YO RK, N. Y., ASSIGNOR T0 KNOX TERPEZONE COMPANY OF AMERICA, CORPORATION OFWEST .VIRGINIA.

, Gaseous. ozoinns AND THEIR rRoDUcTIoN.

1,081,617 a v Specification of Application filed December To alt achomit may concern: I v Be it knowiiithat I, VVIILLIAM JOHN KNOX,

- a citizen of theUnited States, and a resident of New York city, borough -of Manhattan, in" the county 'of New York-and State of New Yorkphave inventedcertaiirnewand useful Improvements in Gaseous Ozonids and Their Production; and I do declare' the following-to be a full, clear,-and exact description of the invention, suchas will enable others-skilled inthe art ,to which it appertains to make and use the same.

for, and ti The object of my nvention 15 to producegaseous oaonids, vand coniprehends the method of production, the apparatus there 1e application of the vapormto .therapeutic and technical uses.

- My invention conipirehends the chemical ,union of-oz'one with anozonizablesubstance by first vaporizing the latter and. subse{ quently commingling this vapor and ozone; The molecules .ofthe unsaturated substance in this vapor condition are widely separated- 1n.space,-,a s are the ozone molecules and on commingling union takes'place 1n molecular proportion and not in mass. The resulting (ozonid compound in the case/of pinene oz'onid and in cinnamic aldehyde ozonid, for

example, is a solid, but on account Qt -the.

extreme 'minuteness of the; molecular aggregates it remains freely msuspension in the air and gradually assumes the true gaseous.

f form.

ozonid, in gaseous form for-therapeutic and The main object of this invention is the production of an ozonid, for example pinene,

technical use and the following descriptionof the method of producing gaseous pinene A ozonid; and of the apparatus therefor will make clear the method I employ in general for all gaseous ozonids.

Pinene is the bicyclic terpene, whose empirical and molecular formula is (),,,H and has one double bond-6;, Itsstructural formula is now recognized-tote 1 garage lemmas Le ter Patent Patented Dec. 16, 1913. 1

2, 1911. Serial No. 663,602.

According to my invention, pinene uniteswith ozone to form a direct addition product .to ozonid in gaseous form; the molecule of ozone unites wholly with the molecule of piuene. It is a simple direct union; there is no intermediate product or by-product of any kind.

apors or gases and causing them so to dif combining distance of each other and unite directly.--- Thismechanical combining or '75 commingling to' produce the chemical union i com'preh'ends and involves no 'oxidizings ao" -tion on the liquid pincne from which the practically 'dry pinene vapor is obtained, and gives a large quantity of the -gaseous- 30 'ozonid. The vapor'of p'ineneis invisible, as I is the gaseous ozone mixture, but theme ment the-invisible gases commingle an optieally "visible gaseous compound results". This finely'suspended product is not wet 8.5" but is made'up of mol'ecularly fine particles.

of a dry solid nature; This gaseous com pound may beallowed to impinge. uponithe pound has ahigh vapor tension and tends to resolve itself into an-invisiblle gas whereby its density in .a room will not visiblyfin creasebeyond a'certain point, It is insolu- 'pound chemically is an ozonid,a d irect addition product of ozone and pinen'e; its em-' pirical-formula is C I-I,,,O .-tion there'is-no byeprod of;

Pinene has a high vapor tension and is pinene and also a gaseousozone,I produce 7 01 the pmene. ozonid by" coinmingl ng these fuse that their molecules comeinto chernical .dry polished surface of-a mirror without avetting it or depositing upon it. The com- 99 ble in all the ordinary solvents. The com- 5 ordinary temperature. Its structural formula in the simple form is on HRC/ I cm mc-c-cm l I on contact with moisture the molecule splits at the point of double bending and 'one atom of oxygen unites with the H forming H 0 and leaves pinonic aldehyde.

cm rnc I cn,

duo

on, This pinonic aldehyde is so readily oxidized to pinonic acid thatit is very difiicult to obtain it free from the latter. .The structure of pinonic acid is r CH IlgP/ I mc-c-on,

COOH

-H,() .-reacts at once in contact with orggnic reducing matter and liberates oxygen nas- .cently; also in contact with the oxyhaemoglobin of the blood, oxygen is liberated nascently and in both cases pinonic aldehyde and pinonic acid are formed. It is, therefor, important that the pinene vapor and the ozone be free from moisture before commingling. On the other hand it is important that moisture bepresent when it is desired to liberate oxygen nascently from the .ozonid.

Gaseous pinene'ozonid has been proven by meto be highly germicidal, and extended tests have been made by me and under my direction upon the. pathogenic bacteria, all of which yield quickly to its germicidal action and are. destroyed. Kit is harmless to physiologic conditions of the animal sysor of oxy-hemoglobin alone.

tem and .in acting upon the blood assists in charging it with its maximum amount of oxygen and thus promotes natural metabolismand functional activity, and all bacterial forms exposed upon the surface of the tissues with which the gaseous pinene ozonid comes into contact are destroyed. Infection of the mucous surfaces of the pulmonaary tract is thus removed, and reinfection and" auto-infection prevented by breathing the atmosphere in which the gaseous pinene toxic non-irritating and is pleasantly respirable.

One of the greatest and most beneficial actions of gaseous pinene ozonid, and a main object in its therapeutical application, is its direct powerful oxidizing action on the foreign organic matter in the blood. All

the blood stream is greater than the oxygen -of the oxy-hemoglobin can oxidize then toxemia is apparent and is idicated by the cyanosis. The difi'usible toxins take up all the oxygen carried by the blood-stream and no' oxygen is left for normal metabolism. Also, the oxidizing action of gaseous pinene ozonid in contact with oxy-hemoglobin is greater than the oxidizing power of gaseous pinene ozonid alone under other conditions This reaction is new and is claimed in connection with its action in removing the toxicity of the blood. It is well known that when permanganate of potas'h, a highly saturated oxygen compound, is brought into solution or contact with hydrogen peroxid, there is an instantaneous liberation of oxygen from both compounds in the free or nascent condition, and

the powerful oxidizing action of the activeoxygen thus set free may be utilized. In' the same manner I have found that gaseous pinene ozonid when brought into chemical .contact with gxy-hemoglobin reacts in the same manner and active oxygen is liberated.

ozonid is diffused. It is absolutely noninfectious diseases are dangerous almosg direct ratio to the nature and quantity of the bacterial produots thrown into the blood hemoglobinjn situ, acts nascently upon the. organic toxic substances in the blood-stream and converts them at once into their har1n-,

less end products This action of the gaseous pinene ozonid and oxy-hemoglobin with I the liberationof active, oxy-gen'in-contaet with th ghlood-stream. and the oxidation and destrh iihiof any 'foreign toxic substances. in the blood has. been demonstrated bysme in the laboratory and inthe clinic: Toxicity.

ofisthe bloods, whether caused by surgicalr traumatic infection, or iron any;infectious condition of disease such aspyogenic toxem1a .in tuberculosis, streptococcal or pneumococcal toxemia, or toxemia and bac- 'teriemia. from typhoid, is quickly and positively removed. by this reaction between oxyhemoglobin andpinene ozonid in situ in contact with or in'the blood-stream. Qyanosis quickly disappears and is replaced ;by

, a natural healthy flush of arterial blood.'

' I -have shown by actual test that the .=-'ga.seous. pinene .ozonid is-.highly germicidal v by direct;co1 1tact with the bacterial microorganisms andthat in the. lungs-it is even morehighly germicidal by reason of its reactionWith ox'y-hemogl0bm. v

j* The therapeutical application of gaseous pinene ozom'd; as a, destroyer of the tax icity of the bloodand as a germicide is not conceived by'me in any sense as a dosing or treatment method, that is, it is not intended that. the patient shall be given f'short periodical treatments or inhalations g' with periods between in which the bacteria may; continue to multiply and the-toxicity mayreturn but a continuous application by "natu'ral' respiration, Continuous antisepsis,

' by'which 1S meant'both ermieidal. action g and destructionof'difiusi le toxins in the blood-streams, is preferably employed. .For "this reason the amount of gaseous pinene .ozonid employed should: be continuous and "large, and should -be .difiused throughout the room; or. rooms occupied by the patient,

and in s'uchj quantities that natural ventilation may be observed. The gaseous pinene' ,bmnh s p n y P and Pmduces 7' "affeeli ig of salubrity and buoyancy With the removal'bf the toxins in the 4 blood-streams the. temperature falls natu rally to normal, the pulse becomes normal or lower, naturalqmetabolism' is restored,

,- anorexia, dyspnoea, and "nervousne ss ars' 5oeliminated, and the immediate and .0011,- tinued result in a renewed strong desire for food, with sound-refreshing s leep and good 'digestioii.- 'In tuberculoti'sl'theiabdvej bene- 'fi lfil'. results are obtained and sputum diminishes ra idl in amount, bacteria diminish unti ley disappear entirely on.

bacteriological examination, the cold sweats and hacking cough disaappear quickly, and [the abscesses or infects areas rapidly dieo minish in: size until 'l'ealing is complete. These results have 'beerl obtained by me in cli ical tests, and in a suflicient number of cases, to'p'rove thatthey resulted. from the gaseous pmene ozonid and not accidentally as or as the. result of idi-osyncracy.

o gaseous ozonids is more fully disclosed =Qn th following description of my genera tor', andits use in the production of gaseous Y 11 9 3: ozonid: it Iii *the' accompanying drawings of the.

generator, Figured is a front view in elegvatien; Fig. 2 is -a. side view in elevation; 1

Fig. 3, isa backyiew in elevation; Fig. 4: is

";.a vertical sectional view ofthe ozone genierating tube; Fig. '5. is a plan of the tube; fFig. 6 is. a section taken at 6-6 in. 4:; Fig. 7 is a planfview of the base for the ftube; Fig. 8 1s a plan of the base of the air drying tube (Fig. 1); Fig. 9 is a verticalgo. *section taken at 9-9? in Fig. 8; Fig. 10 is a plan of the to of the air drying tube (Fig. 1) Fig. 11 1s a section taken at 11-11 in ig. 10. Fig. 12=is a plan view of the pinene evaporating tank and the gas combining chamber, with parts or the covers of the same broken away or mmoved to show ;the interior thereof;

Similar reference figures refer to similar parts in the different drawings. 99:

In Fig. 1, is hown an air drying tube or apparatus, 1,"throug h which all the air used in. the apparatus is,- caused to pass. The parts of this tube are shown in detail in Figs. 8, 9,10 and 11. Referring tovFig. 1, 9 2 is a glass cylinder firmly and hermetically cementedinto: the top and bottom castings 3 and 4: respectively. The bottom casting 4, as. shown in 9, in section -and in Fig. 8 in plan is pan s aped: tosupp'ort lumps of' 100 adehydrating material such as fused calcium hlorid, but at the same time'is rforated' as et-5, to'allowi'of the passage 0 an-air' cur rent, and to.=per mit of' the escape of water into the jar'or catch-receptacle 7. 10!;

f The bottom casting 6, forms the base-or support of the drying tube, but as shown in section in Fig. 9', is not rigidly attached thereto. The lass 'ar,'7, is the ordinary Mason jar and 18 us on account of the case. 1 4 with, which-"it may be replaced should it become broken; it is attached to the base casting 6, bythe threaded neck 8. As will be seen by reference to'Fig. 1, this'arrangewhen it is necessa to empty it. In Fig. 2,

is shown a fan 'b ower 9.- The discharge opening or neck of this fan enters the neck of the .basecas'tin 'Ggat point 10 in Fig. 2.. At the top o the drying tube "12m pipeconnectio'ns 11 and 12,..are. rovided? .for the discharge 'ofthe dry, ai'r-- om-LtheY drying cylinder! and in the dischargepipei' 1,2, is shown a regulatingvalve'13 Erom, this valve. 13, the pipe 14- vl'nakes connec .126 tion with the i'nene eyaporati11g;tan k 'ifi'. f This. evaporating tank 15, is shown in Zvehtical section-fin Fig, 3,and inplea" an Fig. 12. In thetank is .3

qnpartitions17,17i-extendihgfi3onr-ilw "18W The-method. I employ for the production v 1' ment permits ofthe'easyremoval' ofthe 1 r 116 alternately at opposite ends, as shown by ,the arrows in Fig. 12;. by which arrange- 'Inent dry 'aircntering the first passage from the air pipe 14, passes through the vertical channels formed by the ribs 17, 17

continuously until it emerges through the pinene vapor discharge 18. 'By this provision the air is caused to take a circuitous path back and forth over the surface of the pinene in the tank 15 and insure a saturated vapor of pinene being formed. The pineneevap: crating tank 15, is partly filled with liquid pinene through the screw cap opening 19, whereby the .tull area or bottom of the tank is completely covered and a uniform area of evaporating surface is secured at all times. As this area of evaporating surface is large and constant, and preferably greater than necessary, a maximum amount of pinene vapor is generated, and the rate of evaporation of pinene can be regulated by controlling the air supply by the valve 13. By means bf. the rheostat 20, as shown in Fig. 3, the speed of the fan motor 21, may

be varied, whereby the total amount of the air blow'n through the apparatus may also be regulated. Referring again to dry air discharge pipe 11, in Fig. 1, connection is nmde by means of fiber bushing 23, to an ozone generating tube 22; through this tube the dryair from pipe 11, passes downward through the air gap or space, between-the dieletri'c walls shown in Fig. 4 and emerges by means of the discharge pipe'24c, through valve 25.

In Fig, 1, is shown in, front elevation the gas mixing or reaction chamber 26. This is also shown in vertical section and in elevation in Figs. 2 and 3, and in plan in Fig. 12. The object of this chamber is to cause a thorough intermingling of the dry vapor of pinene entering through pipe 18, and of ozone entering through pipe 24, whereby the pinene vapor and the ozone gas are caused to unite chemically and form the optically visible pinene ozonid product.

- The'pinene vapor and ozone enter the chamher 28, as shown in Figs. 3 and 12, they,then pass through openings 29.- in the vertical wall 30' the remainder of the chamber is provided with vertical partitions 31 These partitions have openings 32, along their upper and lower edges alternating so that the pinene and the ozone are caused to pass upward and downward througlrthe vertical 5 aces in direction of the arrows shown in 12, to the outlet ipe 27, and thus be thoroughly commingle to. form the gaseous ozonid. From this discharge pipe 27,. the pinene ozonid gas passes upward through the glass pipe 34, to the top of the machine and thence into the glass globe 35, from which it emerges into the atmosphere of the electrical transformer, 36, whereby the ordinary low voltage alternating service current may be raised to a sufficiently high voltage, approximately 10,000, sufficient to electrify the ozone tube 22. q The vapor mixing tank 26, has a flat-removable cover 36', by the removal of which the interior may be readily inspected or cleaned. In order-to seal the joints made by the edges of the tank 26, and the top of the I ribs 30 and 31, a sheet of packing felt-is placed under the coverin contact with the vertical edges; In Fig. 3, isshown a fuse plug 37, interposed between the machine circuit on the exterior service line. This fuse is 1 preferably of lower resistance than thefuse plug in the service tine, whereby any accidental increase in resistance in the apparatus will first blow it and thus save the external circuit. At- 38, in Figs. 1 and 3, is shown an external pipe connection to the inlet of the fan; to this pipe connection a pipe may be attached and extended to an outside air supply. as through a window or other open-- ing. Thisis very desirable, as itsupplies, fresh air to the apparatus at all times ,and assists'in ventilating the room itself. As pointed out above, the drying tube 1, is detachable at the joint between castings iand 6; At 39, in Fig.2, is shown a bushi'ng nut 39, and by loosening'this nut and bushin 23, the drying tube may be readily lifted trom posit ion for repairing or cleaning. In Figs. 4, 5, 6, and 7 is shown the ozone generating tube I employ. It is well knownthat electrical discharges take place most readily from points and least readily from smooth surfaces. Electrodes with perfectly smooth, plane surfaces are undesirable for this reason, because the electric tension accumulates on such surfaces-until the electric strain ruptures at some point which may be nearest to the opposing electrode and an are or violent discharge occurs. In converting the oxygen of common air into ozone ibis highly undesirable that any arcing occur, even incipient arcing, as such concentrated loealizeddischarges cause the formation of nitrogen oxide. To attain this object. I make use of a liquid electrode and a corresponding solid dielectric, who opposing Y surfaces are at all points in sii stantially intimate contact, and in which, such surfaces in contact, consist of an exceedingly great number of fine, uniform indentations and corresponding points, all of which lie practically in a true plane. This I accomplish by making use of a glass dielectric plate or tube one of whose surfaces has been slightly, but sensibly etched or roughened j by the action of hydrofluoric acid, the vapor or liquid, or by'the action 'of a fine sand blast. Against, this finely indented glass surface I place a layer of metallic mercury or other liquid conductive material, such v Leaner? p 8 551m acidulatedsolution, which will enter the indentations and'conform to the sun-- face of the roughened dielectric. The mobile conductive liquid or electrolyte in con-,,

tact with, the roughened surface of the dielectric thus forms an electric dischar-iiig surface with an innumerable number of line points of discharge, and at the same time the electrode surface and the dielectric suris roughened preferably by means of hydro fiuoric acid, 43 is a hollow, double walled tube, the inner and outer walls 44 and 45 of which are joined orsealed at the bottom, thus forming an annular cylindrical vessel. Theinner surfaces of the walls constituting this annular vessel areroughened preferably by "means of, hydrofluoric acid, 5 as shown at 46; The innerwall44of this an-,-

nular cylindrical vessel- 43 is contracted at the top into a dome shape with a central tubulure '47 ot-greater diameter. than the necli 41 of theinner tube.

Fig. 7 is a plan of the base shown in ver; tical section in Fig. 4. said base being cup shaped and prefer'abl made of porcelain.

'48 is a. cork or felt washer-supported on an annular shoulderAS insaid base on which washer the. outer tube rests,-.and 49 is a wire is preferab similar cork or felt pad' or support for the inner tube.

50 are vertical holes or passages injthe base. :The tubes are assembled concentrically and placed within the base. The annular space between the outer tube and the toppart of the base is closed or packed by means of cotton or asbestos cord 51.. The tubes are concentrically positioned with regard to each other by means of the perforated st pper. 52, which also closes I ,45

the openingili the tubulure 47, and closely fits the neck"41. The tubes are filled with a. conductingliquid 53-, the inner tube being filled to a point higher than the outer tube so that the electric discharge will not take place from the edge of one electrolyte to the edge of the other. The liquid in both tubes, if aqueous conducting liquid is used, is covered with a film or layer of oil 53*, preferably paraflin, so as to prevent evaporation and to act as a non-conducting cover. 54 and 55in Figs. 41nd 5 aremetallic'wire connections to tpe gonducting liquid. The

j'gdldror platinum and is incasedm a glass tube but does not extend to the. lower ends of thetubes. Iftlis pref- .erably s'toppedfaboutone. half of an inch from theend of the tube so that the glass wall of the tube will act as a non-conducting the pointed end of the wire conductor to the dielectric wall. Theconducting wire 54- in; theinnentube is much longer than the wirein the-outer; tube whereby their ends ordischarge lfiqi'i its [are ywidely separated and the tencl'nry of' tlie current to pass 'di-. .rectlyl froth poi'nrto 'pointis preventedf; At the outer ends 0 ale wires 54'and 55 loops 5G and 57 are provided. Fig.1 and tfig. 3 show leads 58 and 59 from the high nsion high tension leads, and the conducting wires 54 and 55:51am flexible coiled spring wire connections 60, 61. whereby connection and disconnection to the tube may be readily made. I

The operation or the apparatus and the method of producing pinene ozonid is as follows :The evaporating tank 15 is sup- 4 plied with a proper amountof pineneor ozonizable substance through the screw cap opening9, about onehalf full, so that the full surface'are'a is covered with pinene'thus assuring a constant maximum area for evaporation. The valves 18, 25 and 27 are then opened and electricalconnection is made by '90 connection plug 62 from a sourceof alternating current supply, as for example. from a commercial lighting socket. Air is drawn by the fan blower through the pipe o mina 38 and discharged through the neck 100i the fan into the hollow base G' f the drying-- cvlinder 1. The air then passes upward through theinterstices between the .hunps; of the dehvdrating agent, in the glass cyl inder 2. The pan shaped casting 4 supports this dehydrating material and nt the some time allows the air to. pass through the holes 5 shown 'in Fig. '8. After the air is deprived of its-moisture it'pass'es into pipes 11 and 12. A portion of the airlpassesthrough pipe 11 into the dome of the ozone tube and then downward through the air. gap 63 between the dielectric walls in Fig.

4. The high tension electrical discharge passing through the air gap (SQ-between the through valve 13 and pipe 14, shown in Fig.

2 and enters the pinene evaporating tank 15, as shown in Figs. 2 and 12. This streatn of air from pipe 14 impinges upon the surface of the pinene in the first channel made by the vertical ribs 17, and passes in a 6011- tinuous'manner through all of the'chanue s until it emerges from the evaporating shield and prevent a direct discharge from 13 through the pipe 18 shown in Figs. 1 and or secondary coils 60, and between these 75 12 and enters the as combining chamber and on'intermingling in chamber 28 with the ozonized air entering through the pipe 24 combines chemically therewith by direct union and forms the optically visible gaseous pinene' ozonid compound. The intermingled gases then pass through openings 29 in the vertical partition walls 30 and pass upward and downward alternatelybetween the vertical partition walls 31 through the passages 33, by which means the gases are thoroughly diffused and intermingled and the pinene and ozone molecules brought into intimate contact so as to produce a complete chemical combination. The resulting gaseous pinene ozonid thus produced emerges through the pipe connection 27 shown in Figs. 1 2 and 12 and passes upward into the vertical glass tube 34, and is thence carried upward to the outlet 64 at the top of the generator into the glass globe 65.

The area of the surface of-the pinene inthe pinene evaporating tank 15 is greater than necessaryto fully saturate the air required for the operation, hence if the air supply to this tank is regulated by positioning valve 13 the exact amount of pinene va por will be produced to combine completely and properly with the ozone in the ozonized tenand produces a saturated pinenc vapor,

air. The ozone produced by means-of the ozone tube is practically a constant quantity as its area of electrical discharging surface and the voltage employed are constant factors;- It is important that the air drving tube 1 be kept filled with an efiicient- 'dehv-. drating comppund, as the presence of moisture in the air would tend to causethe production of nitrogen oxids in the ozone apparatus and the moisture would combinewith the pinene ozonid product and cause its dissociation. The gaseous pinene ozonid produced by this intermingled and chemical union of uinene va or and ozone a pea in globe as a whitish opaque vapor. It is. however. dry and entirely free from mois ture and consists of extremely fine particles of the polimerized ozonid. These finely suspended particles it allowed to come tda state of rest in an inclosed space, as in globe 65. will slowly settle and leave a clear snace My invention is not limited to use for therapeutical purposes but is capable of use generally where it is desired to employ an eilicient ger'micide; that is it may be used for disinfecting; and fumigating purposes generally,

The apparatus shown and described herein is made the subject ofa separate application filed by me March 11, 1912, Serial No. 683,118.

What I claim and desire to secure by Let (cl-s Patent of the United States is 1'. The )rocess of producing gaseous ozonids wiich consists in commingling a vapor of a substance to be ozonized. and ozone out of contact with the body of said substance.

2. The process of producing gaseous ozonids, which consists in forming a vapor of the substance to be ozonized, and commingling said vapor and ozone.

3. The process of producing gaseous ozonids, which consists in forming a saturated vapor of the substance to be ozonized, and commingling said vapor and ozone.

4. The process of producing gaseous ozonids. which consists in evaporating an ozonizable substance, and commingling the vopor so formed and ozone.

5. The process of producing gaseous ozonids. which consists in evaporating anozonizable substance bv passing the current of air over the surface of said substance, and subsequently commingling the vapor so formed and ozone.

7. The process of producing gaseous ozonids. which consists in evaporating an ozonizable substance by passing a current of air over-the surface of said substance,- and subsequently commingling the vapor so formed and ozone out of contact with the body of said ozoniza'ble substance.

8. The process of producing gaseous ozonids. which consists in evaporating an ozonizable substance by dry air, and commingling the vapor so formed and ozone.

9. The process of producing gaseous ozonids. which consists in evaporating an ozonizable substance by air, and commingling the vapor so formed'aiiddry ozone.

10..The process of producing gaseous ozonids, which consists in evaporating an ozonizable substance by dry air. and cominingling the vapor soformed and dry ozone. I

11. The process of pnoducing a gaseous ozonid, which consistsin c onverting an ozonizable liquid into a vapor and subsequently intermingling this vapor with ozone.

oomw 5 32 '1 as process of profiuoing a gaseou s ozonid, which consists in converting an ozonizable Liquid into a, vapor and subsequently intexrmingling this vapor with. ozone out of? contact 'mthsaid liquid.

The process of makiog gosoous pinone ozonica, which consists in bmngiog the vapor P33 110 z ne-mica umon. by mitezmmghng.

and gaseous 0.20m mto direct .,3fi.-.Tho pxtocess 0 making gaseous pinene ozonid, which consists in evaporating pinene, and intermingling tho pinene vapor with 02mm. H

15, The prowess of makmggaseous pinene ozonid, Whwh consists in ova outing pinone at one point, and intermingfing the; pinene vapor so formed with ozone in the gaseous state at another point.

16. The process of making pinene ozonid, which consists in passing a current of air over the surfaca of pinene at one point to produce a vapor of pinene, generating ozone at another point, and bringing said vapor and tho ozone into chemical union by commingling at a third point.

In fiestimony whereoi 1 have hereunto signed my name in the presence of two sub-- scribing Witnesses.

v WELLXAM JWBEN KNG'X. m it-nessos M. E. MoNiNoH, C. G. HEYLMUN. 

